Basic Computer Knowledge for Lok Sewa Students in Nepal

Definition of Computer:

A computer is a programmable electronic device, which works based on the input, process, output (IPO) process. In which the unprocessed information through the input device is processed through digital and logical means and the processed assembly through the output device gives useful information.

A computer is a man-made machine, through which any work can be done quickly, efficiently and reliably. Perfection and purity are also required in the work done in this way.

A computer is an electrical device that contains electricity. Computers are electronic devices that process unprocessed and raw information and make it useful. or The word Januator comes from the Latin word computare, which means to calculate. "Charles Babbage" is called the father of computers.

The complete form of COMPUTER:

• C-Communion
• O-Operating
• M-Machine
• P-Purposely
• U-Used for
• T-Technological
• E Educational
• R-Research

Characteristics of Computer:

40-50 years ago, the computer was understood as a machine for general calculation. The computer has expanded its meaning and usage due to the following written characteristics

• Automatic
• Speed
• Accuracy
• Storage
• Diligence
• versatile

Use of computers

Normally computers are used in many places and many workplaces but we know mainly the computers used are Nepalese systems:

• Education
• Communication
• Banking sector
• Medicine
• Scientific research
• Computer in entertainment

What are the advantages of computers?

A computer is an electronic device that takes raw data as input and processes it to provide meaningful information to users. A computer is an indispensable tool to complete any work quickly, efficiently and reliably. whose

The advantages can be highlighted from the following points:

• Humans and other devices can complete any task quickly with computers.
• It is accurate and reliable for fast results
• A computer can be used in all kinds of work and fields like education, health, banking etc., so it is a versatile device.
• Computers can be used as a means of communication between different users.
• A computer can perform tasks continuously without feeling tired.
•  It can store large amounts of information securely,
• It is possible to use computers even in dangerous places where people cannot be present and act
• After providing the necessary instructions and data to the computer, it can edit the expenses automatically.
• To use Core Banking Software (CBS) in the banking sector,
• To prepare a Management Information System (MIS) system,
• The computer system is used to automate the service delivery system of the entire banking institution by developing various digital and electronic products.

Discuss the use of computers in the banking sector and its importance. 

During the operation of the banking business, from day-to-day transactions to serious decisions have to be made. For this, a computer system is an important tool for quick performance by adopting modern methods. Even now, a bank that does not use computers cannot act according to public demand and satisfy customers. Due to this reason, the use of computers in the banking sector is mandatory to achieve a competitive advantage by delivering modern banking services at a fast and low cost.

Importance of Computer

• To operate at high speed,
• For handling large data,
• To conduct business using the Internet,
• For quick uploading,
• To provide multi-user facilities,
• To provide technology-based services,
• Safe storage of data etc.

What do you mean by Computer Hardware and software? describe.

Computer hardware:

A physical part of the computer that we can touch, operate, and see is the hardware of the electronic device.

• Hardware cannot be used without software.
• Hardware is not affected by computer viruses,
• Some examples of hardware are Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Printer etc.

Computer software

It is a Set of Instruction Software that gives information about what to do with the computer.

• There is no justification for software without hardware.
• We cannot touch or run the software.
• Software is directly affected by computer viruses.
• Some examples of Computer Software include:
• MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Photoshop etc. can be taken.

What is meant by application software manna? describe.

Application software is a group of one or more instruction programs (programs) designed to solve general and specific problems of the user.

Application software can be classified into two categories

1. Tailored software: User's

Tailored software is software that is designed to solve specific problems in a format specified by the user and at the expense of the user. For example, the bank uses Core banking software, Pumori, Finacle, T24 etc.

2. Package software: User's

Software that is publicly prepared to solve simple problems in one go is considered package software. For example MS Office Package, Adobe Photoshop, PageMaker etc.

Define Internet:

The Internet is the network between computers scattered around the world. This is a global network. The importance of which is the same for all individuals and organizations. It is considered to be of major importance to show financial transparency and Real-Time transactions in banks and financial institutions. Other important points are mentioned below:

For the effective operation of the Core banking system while the bank conducts daily business,

• Use of modern means of payment and settlement of transactions in real time,
•  To maintain relations with international banks and financial institutions,
•  To deal with Letter of Credit used in international trade,
•  To report to Nepal Rastra Bank on time,
•  To carry out inter-bank transactions,
•  To inform interested parties by publishing financial statements on the website.

What is the full meaning of RAM? What does it do?

RAM stands for Random Access Memory. its work

• RAM is an internal memory that stores data and programs only when the computer is working.
• It provides quick access to the files and information that the computer is currently reading and writing.
• Provide necessary files to CPU,
• Multi-tasking transactions,
• Since RAM is a volatile memory, it keeps on data records rather than off data.

Find out what is meant by a secondary storage device in a computer with examples.

A secondary device means Store system programs whose size is bigger than the primary storage key. But when the capacity of secondary storage is more than primary storage, it is used as external memory to store data. This is permanent storage. When the power is cut, the data is not lost. Storage devices with the above characteristics are called secondary storage devices.

For example;

• Floppy disk
• Hard disk
• Pen-drive
• CD Rom
• DVD ROM
• Blue Ray disk etc.

What is the input and output device of a computer? Also, clarify its importance.

Input device

Input device means a device that enters the data programs needed to perform logical arithmetic and memory work by using electromagnetic and visual impulses of the computer. Since the computer system does not work without the input device, the user cannot take advantage of the computer's wattage.

An input device is also called a peripheral device. Which works to communicate the user's data to different parts of the computer.

Importance of input device:

• It helps to enter users' interest data into the computer.
• Users change the language they see (Nepali, English, etc) into a language that the computer can understand (Binary language).
• In its absence, the computer system becomes disabled
• It makes it easier for users to operate the computer.
• With the help of the US, the user runs the computer through graphics.

Output device

The output device, which is an important part of the computer system, presents the information and information processed by the computer in a language that the computer user can understand. The output device is in the form of peripheral tools of the computer, which presents the processing information and information of the computer in a language that the user can understand. Without it, the user cannot use the computer. Its output can be divided into two parts hardcopy and softcopy.

Importance of output device

• The computer transmits processed information,
• Converts the language of the computer to the language of the users,
• A computer system remains incomplete without this device.
• Its information can be kept by the user for a long time and also gets legal validity.

Windows

Generally, the two-dimensional object seen on the computer screen which can be resized or removed as needed is called windows. Windows menu bar, tools bar and various control icons are included. Similarly, various subwindows can also be included in it.

The main element of graphical control of a computer is called Windows. Windows refers to the graphical user interface of a computer program. Through this, the user gets information about what the computer is doing and how it is doing.

Through this, the output of the work being processed by the computer and the input entry desired by the user are arranged.

Windows is displayed in a rectangle and every program's window has a feature that can cover such a window. Mainly associated with Windows graphics display. Which can be controlled by input devices like a keyboard, or mouse.

It is also called file explorer, the primary purpose of which is to organize the files and folders on the computer in an orderly manner and provide easy access if needed in the future.

It coordinates between the user and the computer and performs file-related operations such as opening, creating, copying, cutting, pasting, dropping, and deleting.

Windows Explorer can place files and folders in different ways. For example: thumbnails, images, icons, lists and details, among which the file can be organized according to the user's preferences.

Features/Importance of Windows

• Windows Explorer can create folders, in which necessary files and folders can be kept
• It deletes unnecessary files and folders,
• It can copy and move files and folders to hard disk or other storage devices,
• It helps to search the files or folders on the computer according to the user's demand,
• It can create shortcuts to files and folders.

Word Processing

MS Word is one of the most used word processing programs today. In particular, it makes full use of the available features of programs designed to run on a 32-bit operating system. It creates, edits, and saves. It is a software package that can be used to print and reference documents for future reuse. We can create a document by typing on the keyboard and saving it.

Microsoft Word is an application software developed by Microsoft Company in the USA. It is a software package that can be used to write, edit and update documents. Therefore, we can recreate and correct the documents in it as needed. Using it, we can also create forms, question papers and other documents.

Features of Word Processing

• It is used for typing, editing and printing letters, magazines and other documents.
• This document is used to create, save and close.
• It is used for formatting paragraphs, paragraphs etc.
• A list can be prepared using it.
• It is also used to keep page numbers and create headings.
• You can view its print layout before printing it.

Mobile Banking

After opening the customer's account, mobile banking is tied up with the customer's account and mobile number to be used as a modern device technology. Through this, during banking transactions, the amount received via SMS can be transferred from one account to another account, i.e. fund transfer.

Customers use modern and convenient mobile banking. Account statement, deposit amount, payment amount, fund transfer, recharge, e-Sewa, tickets and other multiple uses.Bank funds from the customer's account to get mobile banking. It also deducts a fixed fee.

Excel Software

Excel is the electronic system software that easily accounts for transactions of non-mathematical and financial data, which facilitates the work of various parties including data entry, accounting of mathematical data, Word, and PowerPoint.

Excel software works to prepare spreadsheets, make large calculations, edit quickly, collect and enter various loan data, deposit data, etc. in the office.

Significance of E-mail:

E-mail is an electronic medium to exchange information, data, and ideas from one place to another. E-mail is a letter, it does not have a physical medium. Emails are exchanged through the Internet.

Importance of E-mail:

• Communicating the information to the relevant agencies on time,
• Acting as a fast, reliable, reliable medium,
• Modern technology is effective in transmitting information far and wide through the internet,
• Economical and effective means.

What is a computer operating system? What functions does this system perform? Lead by example?

Computer Operating System:

The computer operating system is the most important system of computer systems. It manages, administers, supervises, controls and operates the entire computer system. This software performs the functions of memory management, hardware management, supervision and control, which establishes a relationship between the user's software and the computer's hardware. This system performs the following functions.

Guides computer hardware:

• It allows the operation of Input and Output devices enclosed in the computer system.
• It establishes an interface between the computer hardware and the user
• locates and manages file and folder locations,
• Operates computer system resources and tools with work efficiency, work effectiveness and frugality.
• It protects the computer system from internal and child protection systems.
• System memory, Internal time, lot of systems,. Works like user management.
• Acts as a coordinating bridge between computer and user trich.

What is an operating system? What are the main operating systems used on the desktop? What services does this system run?

Operating system:

An operating system is a very necessary software for the overall operation of the computer and application software, which helps the computer to be efficient and at a high level of performance.

• It is called system software.
• It is considered as a resource manager,
• Acts as an intermediary between hardware and software,
• It is also called a master program.

Major operating systems used on desktops are Microsoft Windows:

Microsoft Windows 7/10 is a popular software launched by Microsoft Company. This makes the computer run easily. This software helps to make desktops, and laptops user-friendly.

LINUX:

It is a modern and very secure computer operating system. Since the Linux operating system is administration-friendly, it is also used in banks and financial institutions.

UNIX:

Although this operating system is old, it is still popular. It is used more in business computers than personal computers. Linux is believed to have been developed based on this. Similarly, Mac and Android can also be taken

• Services provided by the operating system
• Helps to run a computer, coordinate between application hardware
• Keeps the computer tidy,
• Manages resources on the computer, making working on the computer easier.

Since the computer cannot run without this operating system, it can also be considered as the heart of the computer.

Database Management System: Data, Information and Database, Types of Database, Data Security.

Database Mannane ke Bufind Bata how can security be done? Take measures. 10 National Commercial Bank Level 5 Senior Assistant City

Let's (Data)

Preliminary information related to any subject, such as unprocessed, incomplete, scattered, or not meaningful, but related to the subject, is called data.

Information:

Information is a system of providing information by systematically arranging data and presenting its relevance, appropriateness, adequacy, and usefulness. It gives the data a processed and specified place. It provides scientific and meaningful information.

Database

In 1960, Charles W. Bechnan designed the database for the first time. Data base is a statistical system that is organized in such a way that the interrelated and interdependent data are kept systematically and given the form of information and can be consumed according to the need of use. The data stored in the database is provided with a unique ID by giving a code name to identify the fact based on some method in order to make it easy and simple.

For Example

An online telephone directory can store a database of phone numbers and other contact information based on chat data. (An online telephone directory uses a database to store data of people, phone numbers and other contact details)

How to protect data. Its remedies

Use of modern technology in today's competitive era

Along with this, issues like data leakage, cyber crime, viruses, hacking etc. are increasing day by day. Data Applications, Storage functions, and System Servers should be organized for data security.

Along with that, not only technology but also administrative effort and physical observation are equally important. Unauthorized use of data Access) should be added to the IT policies controlling access. Among the tools like data recovery, and data storage, a system should be developed to be reviewed from time to time by the top management. Measures to be taken while protecting data

• Controlling unauthorized actions and Misuse of Data in the system,
• Creating an environment to upgrade various security systems in time to reduce potential risks,
• Timely management of activities like virus, leakage, malware, hacking,
• Data can be stored on a hard disk, floppy disk, or zip disk. Using special code in places like USB Flash Drive, Data Center Data Recovery Center,
• Do not provide Data to unauthorized personnel,
• Developing a hidden system so that even if the electronic media is destroyed, it can be reused.
• International laws and standards to prevent data from being shared elsewhere,

Business Continuity (BCP), physical security of servers, human security and other firewall systems to improve, discourage unauthorized use and strengthen password security,

According to the provision in NRB IT Guideline 2012, physical and human security of data, adopting various measures related to defeating challenges and thefts etc.

In conclusion, a database refers to the collection of data through a standardized format, in which the data is easily identified in a simple way based on some method or given a specific name. can be identified. In today's competitive era, the use of increasing technology and the most challenging task in the modern banking system is data security, there

 is no doubt that data security will be ensured if the technology can be fully monitored by the high management of measures such as Firewall Data Centers and Data Recovery.

Thank You.